When does a business owner not need to worry about registering its intellectual property?

There are not many instances where I would suggest a business owner not worry about protecting their intellectual property. If a product is not a new, innovative product, there is no need to worry about a patent, but trademarking the brand may still be critical to compete and stand out.

If a business owner has a local shop with no plans for interstate expansion, and they do not care if someone in another state has a company with the same name, they may be satisfied with their state’s trademark registry, rather than the federal registry. However, an interstate competitor may have other ideas about expansion and enforcement of its own rights. In those cases, it matters who used the name in commerce first, but it also matters who registered the name first. The outcome can result in a geographic split, but these outcomes are usually the result of expensive litigation that could have prevented with earlier planning.

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What are the critical steps to take, to protect your business’s intellectual property?

If you are a business owner, be sure your member agreement states that all intellectual property developed by members, shareholders, etc. belongs solely to the company and that members who develop  any intellectual property will execute any and all documents necessary to protect the company’s rights. This is particularly important in smaller businesses where the owners are the ones developing most or all of the creative ideas. Also, be sure that any employees and independent contractors who will work with trade secrets sign strong non-disclosure and non-competition agreements, because there is no registration for trade secrets (such as recipes and non-patentable formulas). Trade Secrets are protected only as long as they remain secret.

For example, our firm has done corporate, regulatory, and intellectual property work for almost 100 start-up breweries. We prepare these types of agreements all the time, to protect their beer recipes and formulas. We also register trademarks for their brewery names and beer brands whenever possible.

Also if possible, register it with the USPTO, U.S. Copyright Office, or in some cases, your state’s trademark registry or international registries. In some cases, a trademark is eligible for an early application before your business even opens, so take advantage of obtaining that earlier filing date. Just be aware there will be subsequent filing requirements after your business opens.

Register your copyrights on written works, including computer codes, screenplays, and artwork, and register them early. Statutory damages and attorney’s fees are usually not recoverable in an infringement action if the copyright was not registered before the infringement occurred or within 3 months of publication.

If you developed an innovative product, speak with a patent attorney about whether the product qualifies for patent protection (only attorneys who have passed a separate patent bar exam are qualified to work with patents). If the product does not qualify for patent protection, find other ways to make your product stand out, including through strong trademark branding and enforcement.

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What are some of the common reasons why business owners don't move forward to protect their intellectual property?

If you've ever developed a new product or formulated a new business idea, you've most likely grappled with the question of whether you should to protect it legally in some way.  It can be a confusing issue, for sure, and many of the small business owners and entrepreneurs I meet don't seem to have a solid grasp of how, why and when to protect their products, or if it's even necessary.

There are a many reasons people hesitate to make intellectual property protection a priority when they are just starting a new business. They include:

1. It is another startup cost, one which is sometimes viewed as “non-essential,” simply because it is not legally required to operate the business.

2. They are unsure whether the business or product will “take off,” so they think they might not even need it.

3. They don’t anticipate anyone attempting to copy them.

4. They do not know what types of protections may be available for their products or brands.

5. They seek to keep costs down by utilizing free or inexpensive online resources.

Protecting intellectual property correctly is not simple, and many times the examining attorneys at the government agencies have questions or raise unexpected issues on the applications. That is why professional help is so important. It can be costly or limiting in the long run to skip these steps.

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